Material and configuration
Softwood (pine/redwood) — standard Victorian replacement, paint-grade, cheapest. Oak (closed-string or cut-string) — heritage feature stair, character-grade or prime depending on budget. Open-tread (no riser) — modern look, requires safety detail (sphere test: 100mm sphere cannot pass through openings). Cantilevered (floating) treads — premium, structural steel/timber spine + plate fixings; £20,000–£60,000 zone.
Balustrade and handrail
Timber spindle + newel + handrail (traditional): £900–£3,500 per flight. Glass panel balustrade (frameless with clamps or steel uprights): £3,500–£8,500 per flight — popular in open-plan renovations. Steel/iron rod balustrade (industrial loft style): £2,200–£5,500. Handrail height must be 900mm above pitch line.
Regulations
Part K: max 220mm rise, min 220mm going (private stair), 2 × rise + going = 550–700mm. Max pitch 42°. 2.0m headroom. 1m+ flight width above ground floor. Open risers: no opening to pass 100mm sphere. Loft conversion stair regs slightly relaxed but still need 1.9m headroom on at least 50% of stair width.
