Timber frame construction types
Open panel: factory-prefabricated wall panels with studwork and OSB sheathing — insulation, vapour control and plasterboard added on site. Lower factory cost, more site labour. Closed panel: factory-finished panels with insulation, vapour control, services voids and (sometimes) windows pre-installed. Higher factory cost, faster site programme — a typical single-storey extension goes up in 3–5 days. Engineered timber: I-joists, glulam beams, CLT (cross-laminated timber) for large spans and exposed structural finishes. CLT becoming popular for large open-plan rear extensions where the timber soffit is the architectural feature.
Cost breakdown
Open panel kit (walls + roof structure for 25m² single-storey): £8,000–£14,000 supply only. Closed panel kit: £14,000–£22,000 supply only. Install labour: £4,000–£8,000 (3–5 days closed panel, 5–8 days open panel). Brick veneer or render outer skin: £80–£140 per m² for brick, £40–£80 per m² for render — needed in most London conservation areas. Foundation: timber frame is 30–40% lighter than blockwork, foundations can be reduced — save £800–£2,500. Finishes (plasterboard, plaster, screed, M&E): same as any construction. Total turnkey single-storey 25m² extension with timber frame: £55,000–£90,000 (£2,200–£3,500 per m²).
When timber frame wins
Difficult access (rear garden only, narrow side access): panels craned over the existing house in 1 day vs months of brick deliveries. Poor ground: timber frame's reduced foundation load avoids piling on some sites. Large spans: glulam or LVL beams span 6–9m without intermediate supports — ideal for open-plan kitchen extensions. Speed: closed-panel timber frame extension goes from foundation complete to weathertight in under a week. Sustainability: embodied carbon roughly 50% of equivalent masonry. Passivhaus and EnerPHit: timber frame with deep cavity insulation and exterior wrap is the most cost-effective Passivhaus wall system in London. Conservation areas: brick veneer outer skin matches London stock brick context.
