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What Counts as a Higher Risk Building (HRB) in London?

Higher Risk Building (HRB) in London is any residential building at least 18m tall OR 7+ storeys (whichever first triggered) containing at least 2 dwellings. ~5,000 London HRBs registered (90% pre-2010 stock). Each HRB needs Accountable Person + safety case report + registration with Building Safety Regulator. Building work needs Gateway 2 (pre-construction) and Gateway 3 (pre-occupation) approval. Single houses never HRBs.

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Height + storey calculation

18m measured from lowest external ground level adjacent to building to top of finished floor of top storey. Storeys = count habitable storeys above ground (basements excluded from storey count but included in height if any part above ground). 7+ storey threshold catches buildings in dense urban form which may be shorter than 18m but still high-risk (Barbican 7-storey blocks just under 18m still HRBs). Roof plant + lift overrun excluded from height calc. Mezzanine excluded from storey count if <50% floor area.

02

London HRB inventory + Accountable Person

~5,000 London HRBs registered with Building Safety Regulator (BSR). Concentrations: Tower Hamlets (Canary Wharf, Isle of Dogs), Newham (Stratford), City of London (Barbican, Cromwell Tower), Southwark (Elephant Park), LBHF (high-rise estates), Westminster (post-war towers). Each HRB has Accountable Person (typically freeholder or RTM company) responsible for safety case report — assessment of building safety risks + mitigations + ongoing monitoring. Safety case must be reviewed annually + updated after any building work. Penalties for non-compliance: criminal — fines + imprisonment for directors.

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What this means for flat renovations in HRBs

If you own a flat in an HRB and want to renovate: (1) freeholder/Accountable Person consent needed (Licence to Alter); (2) Gateway 2 approval from BSR before work starts if work affects relevant external/fire safety elements (façade, fire compartmentation, escape routes) OR is 'major refurbishment'; (3) work by competent contractors with golden thread updated. Cosmetic-only refurbishment (paint, floor finish, kitchen replacement without altering compartmentation) usually outside Gateway 2 — but still requires golden thread update. Builderr does not currently take HRB-scope work; we advise potential HRB clients to use specialist contractors (BSR-registered) and refer where appropriate.

More questions

Related questions answered.

Is the Barbican Estate (City of London) an HRB?

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Yes — all 3 Barbican towers (Cromwell, Lauderdale, Shakespeare, 42 storeys / 123m) and most 7-storey terrace blocks meet HRB criteria. Even individual flat renovations require Accountable Person consent + Gateway 2 if work affects compartmentation. Builderr's recent Barbican case study was internal-only cosmetic + heritage joinery restoration — outside Gateway 2 scope but golden thread updated.

Are HMOs HRBs?

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Only if ≥18m or 7+ storeys. Most London HMOs are 2–4 storey converted houses — outside HRB scope but separately regulated under Housing Act 2004 + HMO licensing.

Does a basement count as a storey?

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No — basements are excluded from the storey count for HRB definition. But basement contributes to height calc if part of building above ground level. A 6-storey + basement building is 7 'storeys' for HRB if any basement is above ground level at lowest point.

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