Current standard (2026)
EPC E or above required for all let private domestic properties. Listed building, Article 4-protected and short-lease exemptions narrowly defined. PRS Exemptions Register holds limited exemptions: high-cost (>£3,500 spend cap), all-improvements-made, devaluation, third-party consent, new landlord.
Proposed 2028 tightening
EPC C minimum for new tenancies from 2028, all tenancies from 2030. Final consultation 2025; implementation expected 2026–27. Penalty likely rising to £30,000 per property. Affected: most pre-1970 brick and stone construction across inner London — currently D–F rated.
Typical upgrade scope
From EPC D to C: loft top-up + cavity wall (where possible) + LED + heating controls — typical £3,500–£8,000. From F/G to C: solid wall insulation + heat pump + glazing — £20,000–£40,000+. Listed buildings need bespoke approach. Plan upgrade alongside renovation to minimise disruption.
